Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Essay

In 1980, the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) first came into existence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). Only in 1987 did the DSM series make reference to traumatized children. The first major studies of the effects of large traumas on children were Blochs 1956 study of the effect of a tornado in Mississippi, Laceys 1972 study of the effects of an avalanche on a Welsh school, Newmans 1976 work on the Buffalo Creek disaster and Terrs 1979 research on the Chowchilla bus kidnapping. Psychological trauma is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as an experience beyond the range of usual human experience, that would be markedly distressing to almost anyone, and†¦show more content†¦Dissociation is defined as a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. The disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic (Abess, M.D.). For some people, conscious thoughts and feelings, or memories, about the traumatic event may come back at a later date (Noll). People with PTSD inevitably experience extremes of recall regarding traumatic circumstances or avoidance of thoughts and feelings about the event. Some people say they are haunted by memories of traumatic experiences which intrude on and disrupt their daily lives. They often cant get the pictures of the trauma out of their heads. They may have recurring nightmares, flashbacks, or they may even relive the trauma as if it was happening in present time. It is also common for traumatized people to make deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts or feelings about the traumatic event and to avoid activities or situations which may remind them of the event. In some severe cases, avoidance of reminders of the trauma may cause a person to have dissociative amnesia, or memory blanks for important aspects of the trauma. The individual can have problems interacting in social a nd family life, occupational instability and the breakdown of marriages can occur. PTSD is linked to structural neurochemical changes in the central nervous system which may have a directShow MoreRelatedPost-traumatic Stress Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment1612 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Statement of Thesis Post-traumatic stress disorder is a serious condition and one that is challenging in terms of identifying the disorder and effectively coping with this disorder. Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that the individual develops following a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm. The person who develops PTSD may have been the one who was harmed, the harm may have happened toRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbattle fatigue, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has been around since the history of stressful events themselves. First discovered in the 1600’s as nostalgia, it was usually left untreated as it was seen as a sign of weakness in men. In the early years of diagnosis’s, PTSD was most commonly present in soldiers due to their always present high stress situations. PTSD is a mental illness caused by traumatizing events or series of events. As defined by healthline.com, a traumatic event is â€Å"an incidentRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2995 Words   |  12 PagesAdam Baggs Mrs. Guzzo ENG3UI Monday, October 20, 2014 CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENTS OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN RELATION TO HOLDEN CAUFIELD INTRODUCTION Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can affect any person who experiences a traumatic event throughout their life. Experiencing death at a young age and lack of parental support through a hard time can lead a young adult to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (P.T.S.D.). In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, When Holden’sRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1033 Words   |  5 Pagesdepressive disorder that I chose for my final paper is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or more commonly known as PSTD. This is a very complex disorder and effects men, women, and children alike. Most people associate PSTD with servicemen or women returning from defending our country. However, statistics show these people do experience PTSD, they are not the only people this disorder effects. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a reaction a person has after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic, lifeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Implications Of Drugs A nd Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2076 Words   |  9 Pagesï  ¶ Effects and Treatment implications: 1) Cannabis and post-traumatic stress disorder: Effects: The adjacent effects of taking cannabis include rapid heartbeat, bewilderment, and lack of physical coordination, often followed by depression or drowsiness. On the other hand Post-traumatic stress disorder causes short-term memory loss and can have long-term chronic psychological repercussions. Treatment implications: The most commonly accessed methods of treatment in New Zealand for cannabis are 12-stepRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1494 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Post-Traumatic stress disorder has affected humans probably as long as we have had a higher consciousness, but it is only recently that researchers, medical professionals and psychotherapists have had much understanding into its nature and treatment. Although this disorder may be easy to describe, the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder negatively affect a person’s mental health, physical health, work andRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Or As Many Know By The1669 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or as many know by the abbreviation PTSD, is a complex mental issue that affects several every day. People that know of post-traumatic stress disorder tend to connect it to military personnel. In recent years, PTSD has been diagnosed in people who have endured other types of high-stress experiences as well (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)). In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) added PTSD to the third edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical ManualRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Syndrome Essay1722 Words   |  7 Pages There are numerous different mental disorders that people are diagnosed with on an everyday basis. Some mental disorders are genetic, but yet other disorders come from the things that people encounter in life. One mental disorder that is being diagnosed more often every day is called Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. This is a disorder that does not discriminate based on genetics, race, age, or even sex. This mental disorder occurs due to events in a person’s life. As everyone knows it is naturalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Pos t-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1496 Words   |  6 Pages Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychological reaction to experiencing or witnessing a significantly stressful, traumatic, or shocking event. Did you know that one in three returning troops are being diagnosed with Post-traumatic stress disorder and less than 40% will seek help (PTSD Foundation of America). When people think of PTSD they automatically assume it just has to do with war veterans. But what people dont know is that children and teens all over the

The Ethical Responsibilities Of Journalists - 962 Words

In the 21st century, journalists and news companies face a complex problem of rethinking their ethical responsibilities when they are dealing with social media outlets. Before reading the articles, my belief was that journalists should rethink their ethical responsibilities when it comes to using content from social media in their news feeds without consent, because if journalists are using someone s post without their consent then they lose the trust the public has with them. However after reading both the articles, the only way journalists can keep their ethical responsibilities is if they stop using social media as a source of information in their news feeds all together. For example, if journalist are allowed to use content from social media without consent in their articles, that is same thing as allowing kids to get away with plagrisim due to the reason that the internet is public. In the rare case that journalists use photos or videos from social media, they need to be 101 pe rcent sure they can verify its authenticity. Journalists shouldn t be using social media as a source of information in their news feeds but rather using it to see what people are talking about and are interested in knowing about (trending topics). In the article, â€Å"Is All of Twitter Fair Game for Journalists?† Amanda Hess discusses about a women, Christine Fox, who had posted an article on the twitter feed about rape victims. After a while, Buzz Feed got interested in the article posted by Fox;Show MoreRelatedLegal And Ethical Issues Of The Media1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans of mass communication. Many legal and ethical concerns arise when representing specific cultural demographics and the complex nature in which they exist. When representing indigenous Australians in the media, a deep understanding of cultural practices, beliefs, consent and privacy are critical in producing content that is both legally and ethically appropriate. Communication practitioners hold a specific responsibility to adopt legal and ethical frameworks that abide by and acknowledge theRead MoreEthical Principles, Morals And Values Of A Company Or Organization Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented to educate employees on the ethical principles, morals and values of a company or organization. Organizations such as the National Association for Social Workers (NASW), and the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) have ethical codes in place for individuals working within the Human Services field. The American Psychological Association (APA) have ethical principles for psychologists. 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For the Associated Press it was ethical to publish photographer Julie Jacobson’s image of Marine Lance Cpl. Joshua M. Bernard in the Afghanistan war. In 2009 a group of Marines were ambushed by Taliban figures in the Helmand province of Afghanistan. The AP photographer Jacobsen was in

Sustainability Community Investment Access -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Sustainability Community Investment Access? Answer: Introduction The industry of hospitality is wide and involves theme parks, lodging, cruise line, event planning, transportation, and various industries of tourism (Adesina and Chinonso, 2015). The hospitality industry is a money making industry which is based on the accessibility of leisure time and disposable income. Any unit of hospitality like a hotel, amusement park or a restaurant involves multiple operational groups like the facility of handling and direct operations (kitchen workers, servers, marketing, housekeepers, human resource, porters, management, bartenders, etc.). The report consists of a brief overview of the Hospitality industry as well as structure, and culture of Como Hotel. Along with this, it will explain the leadership style followed in the hotel, number of employees involved in the functioning of the hotel, and ethical practices of the business. Overview of Como Hotel COMO Hotels and Resorts is a group of luxury hotels providing extraordinary experiences to interested people who have a desire to live life fully (COMO hotels and resorts, 2015). The properties of the group are located range from Bhutan to Miami and attract customers to visit convincing locations. They have expertise in offering wellness services, nurturing mind-body, along with exciting service and world-class cuisine. Not a single hotel of the group looks similar, except their values which are common and followed in every unit. The values of the group demonstrate confidence in responsible living and the unforgettable power of expressive experiences. Above all, COMO delivers comfort to the customers and offers them an experience they can cherish lifelong (COMO hotels and resorts, 2018). Overview of the Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry is much wider than other industries. Most of the businesses consist of only a few of diverse businesses, but hospitality industry includes any company which is concentrated towards the satisfaction of customers and fulfilling leisurely needs in place of general ones (Dominici and Guzzo, 2010). Whereas this industry is wide-ranging, there are certain important features that are significant to understand. Defining Aspects The describing features of the hospitality industry are that it emphasizes on satisfaction of the customers. This aspect is considered to be very true because the growth of the business is largely dependent on customer satisfaction. It is due to this fact that COMO hotels offers luxury services to customers. One more important feature of the hospitality industry is its dependence on leisure time and non-refundable income (Dominici and Palumbo, 2013). Due to this many companies are moving towards rich customers or tourists. If disposable income for any economy falls down due to any economic factor, then these are the main businesses to suffer because customers do not have that extra money which they ideally spend in relishing hospitality services. Different Businesses Many people have a perception that hotels form the industry of hospitality, but hotels are a part of this industry. Various forms of transportation that are involved in tourism are also considered as the part of this hospitality business world. For instance, this niche contains airlines, fancy trains, and cruise ships. Restaurants, event planning, and general tourism are also belonging to this industry (The Authority for hospitality degrees and schools, 2018). Structure and Culture of Como Hotel As per the statistics of COMO of 2010, the COMO hotel and resorts consist of 18 apartments and three hotels in metropolitan cities. These also include Umas, one Shambala estate, and two resorts. COMOs one hotel is situated in Bangkok and two in London. COMOs Maldives Coco Irelands and Turks Caicoss Parrot Cay are very exclusive resorts. However, the Umas in Bali, Uma Paro in Bhutan and COMO Shambala Estate in Bhagawan Giri (Biri) are the key differentiator of COMO from its other hotels and resorts. With its distinctive approach of business, hotel and resorts of COMO have been able to attain individual competitive advantage over their competitors in the last few years. Three hotels in COMO situated in busy cities are industrialized to attract professionals who are visiting these cities for business. Due to this COMOs marketing and sales department is established in London and its communication office is in Bangkok. These three hotels with a five-star rating that are situated in the centre of the busy cities are strategically placed by COMO to invite or attract customers. The major strategy of COMO is to construct Resorts in the rural, unusual and wild places of the world. COMO Hotels and Resorts are established with an exclusive spirit of Asia In opposing to various hotels COMO does not attempt create a hotel like a home, instead it tries to carry the local culture, along with all the country features in order to make sure that visitors will recall the lodge as memorable. This makes COMO hotels unique in their offerings. COMO honours its local traditions and also assists its guests to absorb the local culture by showing them around the city. Due to these exotic locations of the resort, whether it's an oceans secluded island or a hotel at the centre of UK, COMO Hotels and Resorts - an honour winning, a private company - recognizes how to create memories of the visitors last forever. Overview of Leader Leadership is said to be an art of encouraging a team or individual to perform effectively in order to achieve the goals of the organization (Hao Yazdanifard, 2015). The leader and the establisher of COMO hotels and resorts group is Mrs Ong. She is an Asian lady, the COMO groups owner, devoted and interested businesswoman who toured a lot all over the world but was not actually pleased with the already renowned hotels of London (Roberts, 2010). By 1991 Mrs Ong had a well-known business of fashion due to which she toured quite repeatedly to London. In one of her tours in 1991 to London, she founded that in Central London there was a building which was constructed at a perfect location and was available for sale. Instantly she chose to purchase that construction and convert it into an excellent hotel and that Hotel subsequently converted in an entree for the hotels and resorts of COMO. Therefore she started her own business in order to satisfy her anticipations on her London visits. About Como Hotel Employees Employees of COMO hotel and resort group are creative, talented and have experience which supports the group in offering best services and experience to the visitors or customers in the hotel and resorts. The COMO hotel and resort always demand stylish, creative and passionate individuals who can effectively perform in hospitality jobs. They search for people who have different and original ability of thinking, can respond instinctively and have desire to be a part of the COMO hotel and resorts family which is considered as one of the most thrilling companies in the industry of luxury (COMO hotels and resorts, 2018).The number of employees in each hotel and resort of Como is approximately 501-1000 (Crunch Base, 2018). The hotel and resort group always have an open invitation for the people who want to learn and want to serve the best experience to the customers. COMO treats its employees like one big family and provides excellent benefits in order to confirm that each employee feels worthy and appreciated within the organization. A personal development plan is offered to the employees of the group in order to enhance their skills and ability to achieve goals. The environment of the group involves experienced and talented people who offer excellent services along with this they offer a personal touch to the customers (Kibiko, 2018). Every employee has to reflect its talent and bring something new that can help in further growth of the firm (Career Scope, 2018). Maintaining records of employees In order to maintain the record of the employees COMO hotels and resorts group has implemented a system of the biometric clock in and clock out which assists the firm to mechanize the processing of payroll, exclude unofficial overtime and precisely report the employee attendance/ time to HR. COMO is executing a time card that has to be swiped in order to maintain all the records of employees attendance. However, attendance through biometric recorder can support the company to exclude early punch ins and help in more effective calculation of hours of payroll. Its services exclude the energy and time needed by the HR department to observe the activity of time-clock and decreases the manual participation of payroll subsequently leading to cost-effectiveness and enhanced output. Ethical Practices of the Como Hotel Corporate social responsibility is the form of self-regulation of the corporate incorporated into a business model (Ismail, 2009). In place of acting as managers COMO hotels and resorts act as guardians or caretaker of every destination. They identify the rights and accountabilities of becoming the part of the society and are dedicated to celebrating the local culture, helping the domestic economy, and reducing the influence of the groups hotels and resorts on the environment. Functioning sustainably stimulates and energies the group to offer better services to the customers as well as improve the plan and teams for the coming future. These goals are very important for the COMO as it helps them in making travel experiences memorable for every customer (COMO hotels and resorts, 2018). The Group identifies unique and exclusive locations for its hotels and resorts and deals with different opportunities and challenges for sustainability. However, the foundation for the groups efforts is the same they believe in offering different, unforgettable experiences for the visitors by functioning sensibly. Reducing Consumption The COMO hotels and resorts are dedicated to decreasing the use of valuable natural resources and reducing the impact of their operations on the environment. They try to manage the consumption of energy and water by implementing well-organized fixtures and equipment, whereas at the Yamu in Phuket of COMO, they make use of glasses for low thermal emissivity. In every glass, there is a feature to decrease the heat amount transmitted in the building. In every case, technology is just the initial investment. Engagement of employee and training are equally important. They welcome their guest or customers who want to be the part of these initiatives. At every property of COMO, people can select to re-use linens and towels throughout their stay. Slight gestures, such as sliding doors and closing windows to preserve energy, are also considered as a big deal. Sourcing locally and sustainably Whenever it is possible, COMO sources domestically by helping local manufacturers, non-profit organizations, community enterprises, and entrepreneurs. They select their merchants not only for the reason that they frequently have the freshest and best products but also for the reason that they are the leaders of development of the sustainable economy in the society. Conclusion COMO hotels and resorts are comprised of luxury hotels and resorts which offer an unforgettable experience for the visitors or customers. The property of the group is present at different locations. They have an expert workforce who offers best services and along with this each hotel and resorts of the group are different from each other except their imbibed values. In the conclusion, it can be said that the COMO is the best choice for the people who want to have lifelong experience and memorable period. It is the part of hospitality industry which involves various businesses and is only concerned about the satisfaction of the customers. The report has identified the culture and structure of the COMO which says that they want to offer satisfaction to the customers and make them familiar with the countrys culture. Along with this, it has explained about one leader who is the creator of COMO group i.e. Mrs Ong. Further, the report has provided the brief explanation of the employees and ethical practices performed by the COMO group. References Adesina, K.L., and Chinonso, I., 2015, Service delivery and customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry: A study of the Divine Fountain Hotels Limited, Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of Hospitality and Management Tourism, 6(1), 1-7. Career Scope, 2018, Meet The Employers, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://careerscope.uk.net/work/employers/hotels/all/item/como-hotels-and-resorts COMO hotels and resorts, 2015, Como Hotels And Resorts Makes Its Debut In Australia With A New Luxury Hotel In Perth, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.comohotels.com/media-centre/press-release/como-hotels-and-resorts-makes-its-debut-australia-new-luxury-hotel-perth COMO hotels and resorts, 2018, About Como Hotels And Resorts, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.comohotels.com/media-centre/press-release/como-hotels-and-resorts-makes-its-debut-australia-new-luxury-hotel-perth COMO hotels and resorts, 2018, Sustainability and Community Investment, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.comohotels.com/about/sustainability/responsible-business COMO hotels and resorts, 2018, Career Opportunities, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.comohotels.com/careers Crunch Base, 2018, COMO Hotels and Resorts, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/como-hotels-and-resorts Dominici, G., and Guzzo, R., 2010, Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: A Case Study from Sicily, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(2), 3-12. Dominici, G., and Palumbo, F., 2013, The drivers of customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry: Applying the Kano Model to Sicilian hotels, International Journal Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 3(3), 215-236. Hao, M.J., Yazdanifard, R., 2015, How Effective Leadership can Facilitate Change in Organizations through Improvement and Innovation, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 15(9), 1-6. Ismail, M., 2009, Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Role In Community Development: An International Perspective, The Journal of International Social Research, 2(9), 199-209. Kibiko, J., 2018, The Most Important Characteristics of a Successful Employee, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-characteristics-successful-employee-14292.html Roberts, S., 2010, The World of Christina Ong, Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.departures.com/art-culture/profile/world-christina-ong The Authority for hospitality degrees and schools, 2018, What Exactly Is The Hospitality Industry? Accessed on: 4 February 2018, Accessed from: https://www.besthospitalitydegrees.com/faq/what-exactly-is-the-hospitality-industry/

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essays (693 words) - The Awakening

Kate Chopin's The Awakening Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a work of fiction that tells the story of Edna Pontellier, Southern wife and mother. This book presents the reader with many tough questions and few answers. It is not hard to imagine why this book was banished for decades not long after its initial publication in 1899. At that time in history, women did just what they were expected to do. They were expected to be good daughters, good wives, and good mothers. A woman was expected to move from the protection of her father's roof to the protection of her husband. Edna didn't fit this mold, and that eventually leads her husband to send for a doctor. It is here that Edna Pontellier says words that define The Awakening, "I don't want anything but my own way. That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trample upon the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others - but no matter_" As the book begins, Edna is a married woman who seems vaguely satisfied with her life. However, she cannot find true happiness. Her "awakening" begins when a persistent young man named Robert begins courting her. Edna begins to respond to him with a passion she hasn't felt before. She begins to realize that she can play roles other than wife and mother. Throughout the book Edna takes many steps to increase her independence. She sends her children away, she refuses to stay at home on Tuesdays (as was the social convention of the time), she frequents races and parties. Unfortunately, her independence proves to be her downfall. Edna stays married because divorce was unheard of in those days. She wants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave her husband. No matter how much Edna exceeds social boundaries, she is held down by the will of others, despite what she wants. In today's world divorce, sadly, is almost commonplace, but in her time she would have been an outcast of her society. By the end of The Awakening, Edna feels like a possession - of her husband, of her children, and of her society. The only solution she sees is to end her life, which she does by swimming out into the sea until her strength gives out. This is a very symbolic death. I feel the theme of The Awakening is deeper than the obvious themes of independence and women's rights. The Awakening presents suicide as a valid solution to problems that do not offer many choices. Why do people commit suicide? Some common reasons are isolation and loneliness, disruption of one's social life, and suicide for the common good. It's easy to connect these with Edna's life: the isolation of her small house, the disruption caused by Adele's death, and the common good of the children. However, her suicide had nothing to do with any lack of personal freedom. She was, for the most part, doing whatever she wanted and there were no signs that she intended to stop. Rather, it was the lack of good, healthy alternatives that led to her demise. Robert had left her in an attempt to protect her, himself, or possibly both. This left Edna to pursue a minor romance with Alcee Arobin. Or stay in a marriage that held no hope of fulfillment. Or she could pursue other third-rate affairs, while being discreet enough not to hurt her children. None of these options satisfied her longing for the one who had "awakened" her. Edna chose suicide. The only shortcoming I found in The Awakening was its lack of dialogue. The book is filled with page after page of descriptive phrases, thoughts and actions. This doesn't leave much to the imagination, and in spots, the book seems to drag. The merits of The Awakening far outweigh its few faults. It tells a story of independence, freedom and will power unheard of during the times of its publication. It's a stirring book that forces you to confront tough issues. It paints a picture of what goes through the mind of a person who loses hope. Like Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Chopin's The Awakening tells us a story from the perspective of the oppressed. It is far more than another romance novel with a tragic ending. It is a book about the choices one will makes to protect one's freedom, and Chopin wonderful job presenting them in The Awakening.

Metal Detectors In Airports Engineering Essay Essay Example

Metal Detectors In Airports Engineering Essay Essay Example Metal Detectors In Airports Engineering Essay Essay Metal Detectors In Airports Engineering Essay Essay As we all know, airport security has persistently improved. With out safely airdromes ca nt be operate. On the other side, riders would be afarid to wing becauce of fright it can has a bad consequence of air hose. Typically, air hoses lease private companies to maintain airdromes safe by some devices such as: walk trough metal sensor, X beam and so on. Metallic sensors are prevalently used to detect metal objects like for illustration: arms and stab that riders can non take it to shave. This device besides used in some edifice which security is a concern. This study is include the chief points of: investigation about the airdrome and the engineerings that they use. Then in scenario we ll hold how this engineering is extremely functional. definition of metal sensor. In add-on, we will establish out that some advantages and disadvantages that emerge of this engineering. Then, we will discourse about similarities and differences between Human Aspect, Ethical, Enterprise Computing with t he subject above. Finally, in the recommendation portion, we ll disscus about what we need to make to better this engineering. Introduction I feel it s necessary to clear up that nil is more of import than being safe. It s average, unmistakeable illegal act is increase more and more each twenty-four hours. So, we need to halt it but unluckily it s non easy and felons are adept on their work. Consequently, we should heighten our engineerings and inventions. on the other side, we should believe about the ways that can cut down offenses because it is about imposible to acquire rid of that. As experience has shown, airdrome is one of the sensitive topographic point that need to continue. Therefore, all airdrome must necessitate to hold tough security or else that can be highly unsafe non even for riders it besides can be a menace for a individual who merely sit at place and read intelligence paper! We can retrieve the catastrophe event on september.11 many people was dead on that happen. I believe that, Criminals do what of all time for achieve thier ends and if we do nt halt them they will halt us. So, we ca nt pretermit to attending of airdrome. In this peculiar instance, we should use of new engineerings at the airdrome such as: security camera, Walk-through metal sensor, Digital radiographic ( X-ray ) organic structure scanner, X-ray backscatter scanner, Millimetre wave organic structure scanner and Handheld metal sensor / baseball mitts. Now we can concentrate on our chief location which is an international airdrome in Hong Kong and they use of these engineerings to forestall illegal act and they besides try to protect of people. It might be helpful to hold an debut of the airdrome and direction portion. The Airport Authority Hong Kong ( AA ) is a statutory organic structure with a authorization to maximize the value of Hong Kong International Airport ( HKIA ) for the benefit of the territory.Established in 1995 to run and keep HKIA, and with an accent on heightening Hong Kong s position as a major Centre of international and regional air power, the AA is entirely owned by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ( HKSAR ) .The AA is governed by the Airport Authority Ordinance and its Board comprises a Chairman, CEO and between eight to 15 other members. With a direction squad strengthened by expertness from the commercial sector, AA s 1,100-strong staff take an entrepreneurial attack to developing HKIA into a preferable international and regional air power Centre and an engine of economic growing for Hong Kong.With this aim in head, the AA s concern doctrine is to farther expand HKIA s planetary air power web and supply riders with more finishs, greater frequenc e of flights and a wider pick of bearers. Riding on Hong Kong s strategic location and HKIA s world-class installations, the AA is widening the airdrome s place market to the Pearl River Delta country and beyond.The AA remains committed to the highest possible degrees of security and safety. It works to continuously raise security criterions while understating hold and incommodiousness to passengers.As a responsible corporate citizen, the AA novices and takes portion in a broad scope of programmes and activities that promotes environmentally friendly patterns, people development and community improvement. ( www.hongkongairport.com ) Mission: To beef up Hong Kong as a Centre of international and regional air power by: Continuing high criterions in safety and security ; Operating expeditiously with attention for the environment ; Using prudent commercial rules ; Endeavoring to transcend client outlooks ; Working in partnership with stakeholders ; Valuing human resources ; and Fostering a civilization of invention ( www.hongkongairport.com ) Aged 61. Appointed as Chairman of the Board in June 2008. First appointed as Member of the Board in June 2003 and was re-appointed in June 2005. Non-official Member of the Executive Council. Chairman of the Council of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Member of the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee. Independent Non-Executive Director of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, Hang Seng Bank Ltd, HKR International Ltd and HSBC Holdings plc. Airport Ambassadors responsibilities include: AÂ ·Greeting riders ; AÂ ·Answering rider questions and giving waies ; AÂ ·Offering aid to riders in demand ; AÂ ·Promoting rider safety ; and AÂ ·Assisting at particular events. Airport Ambassadors are committed to: AÂ ·Continuously bettering client service of the airdrome ; AÂ ·Taking the enterprise to help riders ; AÂ ·Welcoming riders with friendly smilings ; and AÂ ·Promoting rider safety. ( www.hongkongairport.com ) Scenario With this debut we may now turn to our chief disscusion about how we can hold a secure airdrome and how metal sensor is exremely functional. Basically, walk-through metal sensors used to happen metal arms and metal object. I believe that, all devices have some jobs that it needs to better. But most of these device are utile except some of them which is useless. So, we should concentrate on devices which is utile and seek to extinguish jobs that emerge on them. After this scenario, I feel it is critical to hold a definition of metal sensor. Walk-through metal sensor A metal sensor is a device which utilize electromagnetic initiation to detect metal. This is besides the prevalently used system at most international airdromes. Regular standardization of the archway is demanded to guarantee stable sensing public presentation. ( www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf ) This device can fall into 13 chief portion as demonstrate below: 1.2.1 Alarm Indication A signal to warn of the sensing of a metal object. The indicant can be ocular and/or auditory. 1.2.1.1 Positive Alarm Indication The alteration in the dismay indicant that corresponds to the sensing of a metal object. Typically, the dismay indicant is off until a metal object is detected. 1.2.1.2 Proportional Alarm Indication An dismay indicant proportional to the size, propinquity, orientation, and stuff of an object. 1.2.2 Alarm Index The device used to bring forth the dismay indicant. For a ocular indicant, the dismay generating device can be a light bulb, lamp, light breathing rectifying tube, etc. For an audile indicant, the dismay bring forthing device can be a horn, Siren, doorbell, or similar point. 1.2.3 Active Detector An active sensor is by and large a device that generates energy for lighting the portal part of the sensor. For the walk-through metal sensor, the generated energy is in the signifier of a magnetic field. The interaction of the generated magnetic field with certain types of objects in the portal part of the sensor and the ability to observe this interaction is the footing of operation for walk-through metal sensors. 1.2.4 Clean Examiner A individual who does non transport any electrically conductive and magnetizable objects such as metallic belt buckles, metal buttons, cardiac pacesetter, coins, metal-frame spectacless, hearing assistance, jewellery, keys, pens and pencils, places with metal arches or supports, metallic surgical implants, undergarment support metal, metal slide fasteners, and similar points, which would significantly change the signal produced when the individual carries a trial object. 1.2.5 Detection The find or determination of a metallic object. The sensing of a metallic object is transmitted to the operator by some type of dismay index, typically a ocular or hearable index. 1.2.6 Detector Axis An fanciful line go throughing through and perpendicular to the sensor plane that is centered vertically and horizontally within the portal of the walk-through metal sensor and points in the way of the topic s gesture through the portal. 1.2.7 Detector Floor The bottom plane of the sensor portal. 1.2.8 Detector Mount A nonconducting, nonmagnetic platform on which the walk-through metal sensor remainders. The sensor saddle horse locates the sensor floor at a tallness of 32.5 centimeter ( 12.8 in ) and contains channels at 10 centimeter ( 4 in ) below its top surface to ease the metal floor trial required under subdivision 3.4.2. The 1.2.9 Detector Plane An fanciful plane ( planar surface ) that is parallel to the portal of the walk-through metal sensor and that bisects the detector part into two symmetric halves. The sensor plane contains two extraneous axes labeled the ten axis and the omega axis. 1.2.10 Detector Positioner A nonconducting, nonmagnetic device that fixes the place of the sensor plane and sensor axis with regard to the three-axes interlingual rendition system. The sensor rotary actuator includes a mention surface for attaching the sensor saddle horse. The sensor rotary actuator besides includes a surface for fond regard to the three-axes interlingual rendition system. 1.2.11 Detector Response The electrical signal generated by the detector or detector circuit of the sensor and caused by an object interacting with the magnetic field generated by the sensor. The sensor response is the footing on which an dismay indicant is derived. 1.2.12 Ground Surface The surface on which the walk-through sensor remainders. 1.2.13 Measurement Coordinate System A reciprocally extraneous 3-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system referenced to the sensor axis and the sensor plane. The three axes are labeled ten, Y, and omega, where the Y axis is parallel to the sensor axis and the ten and omega axes are in the sensor plane. The orientation of the trial objects and way of the magnetic field is referenced to the measuring co-ordinate system. ( www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/193510.pdf ) Advantages and disadvantages Many old ages that Metal sensor have been used. In this portion I want to concentrate on some advantages and disadvantages that appear in this device. The advantages of a walk-through metal sensors include: no radiation is generated during showing ; easy installing albeit bulky by comparing to handheld metal sensor ; high velocity sensing capableness ( about 15 msecs ) ; and the capableness to observe big metal objects like knives and guns. The disadvantages of a walk-through metal sensor include: it merely detects metallic objects ; it is easy interfered with by metals that exist in the edifice environment such as ceiling with metallic stuffs and Fe reinforcing bars in walls and floors ; and the demand for regular standardization to guarantee stable sensing public presentation. ( www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf ) There is yet another job with conventional walk through metal sensors is that they are heavy and hard to travel assorted locations. Another job with conventional walk through metal sensors is the power ingestion of the electronic system limits the sensors ability to run from a battery beginning for more than a few hours, necessitating AC power to be accessible for either operation, or frequent battery recharging. ( www.freepatentsonline.com/7145456.html ) Similarities and differences between human facets with subject above: ( HCI ) human computing machine interface. This sentence can be divided into three chief categorize: homo which means all single or group of users that they work together and they use of engineering. As we all know, computing machine is non merely include Personal computer or laptop. So, any engineering such as photocopiers, hair drier, metal sensor, etc. can be a computing machine. Interaction is Communication between user and computing machine. If we focus on human computing machine interface it s obvious that the indispensable portion of that is about Concern with the user executing and Produce utilizable and unafraid system every bit good as practical system. It besides tries to better some of import parts such as: Safety, usefulness, impressiveness, competency, convenience for usage and Simplicity. Another similarity between this device with ( HCI ) is about wellness concerns. There s no radiation is created during testing. Consequently, it ca nt be unsafe for users. It is besides ergonomic because of efficiency and safety. There is different between this device with ( HCI ) is about green computing machine which try to diminishing electricity and environmental waste during utilizing computing machine and one of the of import job is approximately battery that we explained in disadvantages portion. Similarities and differences between securities with subject above: As indicated, walk trough metal detecor is a computing machine that need to concern and ca nt pretermit to it. In this instance, we can advert to computing machine security hazard which is an action that causes licking of or harm to computing machine system. At this point, I think it is helpful to hold some information about system failure that induced by aging hardware, natural catastrophes, or electrical power perturbations. In add-on, there might be overvoltage or power rush that can assist to system failure to damage the device. So, we should put in a rush defender which Protects computing machine and equipment from electrical power perturbations and it besides, Uninterruptible power supply ( UPS ) that provides power during power loss. On the other side, consideration to some factors as an illustration of air humidness is mandatory. The difference between security and the metal sensor is that in some sort of these devices the companies has installed a camera that can enter picture for approximately 24 hours and it besides can take back up of that. As we know, there are four types of dorsum up: full, differential, incremental and selective. But in these devices we merely have one option which is full. Similarities and differences between Ethical with subject above: proposals As this device is extremely functional we need to better it every bit good as we can. Therefore, I have some thought to do it better. In my position, this device can be more helpful every bit long as it use less electricity, in this manner we are more close to green computing machine. Another construct that I feel it might be hepful is that, put in security camera that can enter picture with rapid climb ability. This manner can assist to acknowledge a individual who we re looking for. As we all know, if we wear metal belt we ca nt go through through the walk through metal sensor and it s a large probelm because at the airdrome rider need to acquire their belt off. On one manus, it takes clip. So, one believe that we can make a device to scan riders organic structure to observe it. Then, we can calculate this job out. Decision In amount up, I reflect my sentiment once more and asseverate that, in my position, we should heighten our engineerings and use those in approprate ways. As I ve probed about the airdrome that uses metal sensor to detect arms and some illegal metal objects and if they do nt utilize of the device what can go on. I have besides expounded how that device can be extremely functional at the airdrome. In add-on, I notified some advantages and disadvantages that emerge in metal sensor. Afterwards, I claimed some similarities and differences between the subject above with security, Human Aspect and .. . Finally, I ve besides illustrated some recommend that we how we can extinguish disadvantages in metal sensor in that manner this device can be more utile. Refrences Information about the airdrome such as director, history, mission and responsibilities. ( www.hongkongairport.com ) Defination of the device ( www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phswHYPERLINK http: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 111HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 6cb2-257-HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 1HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf -e.pdf ) Partss of metal sensor: ( www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/193510.pdf ) Some of Advantages and disadvantages ( www.freepatentsonline.com/7145456.html ) and ( www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phswHYPERLINK http: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 111HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 6cb2-257-HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf 1HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/ /se/ /se_phsw1116cb2-257-1-e.pdf -e.pdf )

The Catcher in the Rye Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

'The Catcher in the Rye' Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story. Narrated by sixteen-year-old Holden Caulfield, the novel paints a portrait of a struggling teenage boy as he attempts to hide his emotional pain behind cynicism and false worldliness. Through the use of symbolism, slang, and an unreliable narrator, Salinger explores themes of innocence vs. phoniness, alienation, and death. Innocence vs. Phoniness If you had to choose one word to represent The Catcher in the Rye, it would be phony, Holden Caufield’s insult of choice and a word he uses to describe most of the people he meets and much of the world he encounters. For Holden, the word implies artifice, a lack of authenticity- pretension. He views phoniness as a sign of growing up, as if adulthood were a disease and phoniness its most obvious symptom. He has moments of faith in younger people, but invariably condemns all the adults as phonies. The flip side of this is the value Holden puts on innocence, on being unspoiled. Innocence is typically assigned to children, and Holden is no exception, regarding his younger siblings as worthy of his affection and respect. His younger sister Phoebe is his ideal- she is intelligent and perceptive, talented and willful, but innocent of the terrible knowledge that Holden himself has gained with his extra six years (most notably concerning sex, which Holden wishes to protect Phoebe from). Holden’s dead brother, Allie, haunts him precisely because Allie will always be this innocent, being deceased. Part of Holden’s torment is his own phoniness. While he does not consciously indict himself, he engages in many phony behaviors that he would abhor if he were to observe them in himself. Ironically, this prevents him from being innocent himself, which explains to some degree Holden’s self-loathing and mental instability. Alienation Holden is isolated and alienated throughout the entire novel. There are hints that he is telling his story from a hospital where he is recovering from his breakdown, and throughout the story his adventures are consistently focused on making some sort of human connection. Holden self-sabotages constantly. He feels lonely and isolated at school, but one of the first things he tells us is that he’s not going to the football game everyone else is attending. He makes arrangements to see people, and then insults them and drives them away. Holden uses alienation to protect himself from mockery and rejection, but his loneliness drives him to keep trying to connect. As a result, Holden’s sense of confusion and alarm grows because he has no true anchor to the world around him. Since the reader is tied to Holden’s point-of-view, that terrifying sense of being completely cut off from everything, of everything in the world not making sense, becomes a visceral part of reading the book. Death Death is the thread that runs through the story. For Holden, death is abstract; he’s not primarily afraid of the physical facts of the end of life, because at 16 he can’t truly understand it. What Holden fears about death is the change that it brings. Holden continuously wishes for things to remain unchanged, and to be able to go back to better times- a time when Allie was alive. For Holden, Allie’s death was a shocking, unwanted change in his life, and he is terrified of more change- more death- especially when it comes to Phoebe. Symbols The Catcher in the Rye. There’s a reason this is the title of the book. The song Holden hears contains the lyric if a body meet a body, coming through the rye that Holden mishears as if a body catch a body. He later tells Phoebe that this is what he wishes to be in life, someone who catches the innocent if they slip and fall. The ultimate irony is that the song is about two people meeting for a sexual encounter, and Holden himself is too innocent to understand that. The Red Hunting Hat. Holden wears a hunting cap that he frankly admits is kind of ridiculous. For Holden it is a sign of his otherness and his uniqueness- his isolation from others. Notably, he removes the hat whenever he is meeting someone he wants to connect with; Holden knows full well the hat is part of his protective coloring. The Carousel. The carousel is the moment in the story when Holden lets go of his sadness and decides he will stop running and grow up. Watching Phoebe ride it, he is happy for the first time in the book, and part of his happiness is imagining Phoebe grabbing for the gold ring- a risky maneuver that could get a kid a prize. Holden’s admission that sometimes you have to let kids take risks like that is his surrender to the inevitability of becoming an adult- and leaving childhood behind. Literary Devices Unreliable Narrator. Holden tells you he is the most terrific liar you ever saw. Holden lies constantly throughout the story, making up identities and masking the fact that he’s been kicked out of school. As a result, the reader can’t necessarily trust Holden’s descriptions. Are the people he calls phonies really bad, or is it just how Holden wants you to see them? Slang. The story’s slang and teenage vernacular are out of date today, but the tone and style were remarkable when it was published for the way Salinger captured the way a teenager sees and thinks about things. The result is a novel that still feels authentic and confessional despite the passage of time. Holden’s style of telling the story also underscores his character- he uses profanities and slang words very self-consciously to shock and to demonstrate his jaded and worldly ways. Salinger also employs the use of filler phrases in Holden’s story, which gives the narrative the feeling of being spoken, as if Holden were actually telling you this story in person.

Technical Communication Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technical Communication Analysis - Assignment Example Introduction to Hardware specific organization: Cisco is an American based multinational entity which specializes in the field of networking and internet connections on local and wide area network levels. It also provides solutions to enterprises of different kinds namely businesses, information technology, governmental organizations and various other sectors. The services provided by Cisco are up to the customers’ requirements fulfilling the factors of quality of Service factor, security considerations fulfillment, I.P solutions provision, and various other online resources sharing and connectivity. Differences: While the first paper (Routers) provides technical details, the second one is specialized and focuses on the guidelines to be followed. The clinical document further provides descriptions and stresses on the importance of documented works, records keeping which will facilitate the work in longer run and at the same time bring about more consistency in the working patt ern in health care sector. While one of them is core technical in its outlook, the second one is relatively easy to comprehend even for the ordinary reader, The first paper provides details such as the capacity, the technologies incorporated in each of the router, the range supported by each of the router and other details. The advantages served by each of them and also the shortcomings that each of them may suffer from. The clinical paper talks of the newsletters, magazines, and other periodicals which will serve to promote awareness and provide details about how the clinical sector operates, what possible improvements are possible and what efforts are being undertaken in this regard. The second notable feature of the clinical paper is the formulation of regulation pertinent to the contracts being made and the payers and other stakeholders. The clinical report provides dates on which various regulations were adopted and later on put into effective action for practical applicability in health care domain. Difference is in the form of the type of people who may have made this report. The router based report is pure work of technical experts, while the latter is more of the policy makers’ work. Other notable difference in each of these papers is relevant to the fact that the clinical paper recommends changes and in the policies through its study, while the technical report of routers does not explicitly mention any need for change as such. The clinical paper contains the area of history recording, which is relevant to the patients history, their family, their hereditary diseases if any, such historic event is missing or unaddressed in the routers related paper. Similarities: The similarities are that each provides details as to how they operate and how they facilitate connection establishment as in case of first paper, and the second in case of how to make the health care sector more vibrant. Other similarity in each of them is that of introduction to the field, although the first one is relatively technical, the second one is relatively easily to comprehend. Each of them is made to provide guidelines and the basic know how of each of the sector. Architecture design specialties: The architectural designs contain terms and concepts relevant to its usage and application. While security, customer needs fulfillment, quality

Michael Hill Stores Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Michael Hill Stores - Assignment Example Proper leadership has played the leading role in the success of Michael Hill’s jewelry business. The company has been able to overcome the challenges and setbacks within the business environment due to proper leadership and organizational culture. Michael Hill has grown internationally and become a leader in jewelry retailing within its regional markets. A transformational leadership style is applied within the company and it acts as a driving force to the achievement of company objectives and goals. Transformational leadership style has allowed the leadership of Michael Hill to understand and meet the diverse needs of employees. The motivation within the company is due to competitive compensation package that is provided to employees. The company has also been able to meet the various needs of the employees as postulated within Maslow’s theory of motivation. This has led to a highly motivated workforce. Political, social, cultural, economic and environmental forces are some of the factors which have defined and determined the company’s success within its various retail stores across the world. A culture of success and values for high performance characterizes the company, which can be attributed to the competitiveness of the company through its ability to meet the needs of its customers. Section 1: The Organization Michael Hill is a jewelry chain which operates its retail business in Australia, Canada, the US and New Zealand. The company has more than 2000 employees across its 240 jewelry retail stores across the world. The headquarters of Michael Hill International are situated in the city of Brisbane, Australia. Michael Hill started the company in the year 1979 (Jewellery World, 2011). Since then the company has grown significantly. This is due to the dedication of the company’s leadership which has enabled it to overcome the inevitable challenges within its business environment. The success of the company is also attributed to the fact that it provides its customers with unique jewelry products and high quality formulae (First10, 2012). Furthermore, the company provides a variety of designs for its retail stores and a wide range of jewelry products, which makes it attractive to the customers. More significantly, there is the commitment of the company to branding and advertising its je welry products and services (Jewellery World, 2011). Michael Hill International has a decentralized organizational structure in which the national subsidiaries are headed by the regional managers who define the nature of regional operations. Nonetheless, Michael Hill who is the chairman of the company, acts as the overall head or leader of the company (First10, 2012). The decentralized structure of the company demonstrates its organic nature. The organizational structure also makes the company be able to adapt to the different business environments and the forces within regional markets. This is in line with the decentralized functions such as marketing, branding and competitive strategies. The company is, however, guided by the common mission: to be the most recognized by people and focused

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay Many people wonder these days if peoples lives revolve around the choices they make. This is absolutely true. Everyone in this world is responsible for who they are today. Their choices and ideas pave the road for their future. A quote from Confucius says this, Peoples lives are the result of the choices they make-or fail to make. The path one takes in life is not arbitrary. Choices and their consequences determine the course of every persons life. All people, whatever their circumstances, make the choices on which their lives depend. Confucius is absolutely right. It is a well-known fact that if you take wrong turns in life, you will end up in a wrong state. The regular human psychology states that when a person goes and ends up in a bad state, they blame others and most of the time never take responsibility for it. Take a look at this scene, and look carefully cause this happens all the time no matter the circumstances. There is no way and it is impossible for a child who takes drugs, does alcohol, doesnt obey their parents to find themselves at an Ivy-League college. Sometimes, people change their paths along the way and somewhat improve. But if you keep going in the wrong direction for your entire life, you will not get anywhere. Think about the people who are successful in this world. For examples, lets observe Mark Zuckerberg. He is the youngest billionaire in the world. He was focused, he was determined. In fact he was so passionate about programming that he dropped out of Harvard, the number one school in America. He used his talents, worked his choices and made Facebook. Not all of his choices were good. Some were actually bad; some choices actually got him into trouble with others. This is where the trouble comes in. Wait if some of my choices are good, and some are bad, then whats going to happen with my life? Nothing will actually. All that matters is that the majority will overcome the system. If you have more bad than good, you are more likely to take a wrong turn. If you have more good over wrong, you will most likely take a good turn. Even I have taken wrong turns and bad choices. Everyone has. Nobody in this world is perfect. In fact, taking all good choices and all good turns in life ends up as a bad choice. Even though nobody is perfect, its your own self that will determine your future, what you want to become, your status in life. Thats why its good to switch your determination in life if you are on a bad path. Stick with someone and change your mood. Change your attitude, fix your choices, and keep yourself organized. If you are a person reading this essay, lets say about 12 or 13, even 14 to 18. You still have time. You have so much future ahead of you, dont give up hope cause your choices sometimes do tell your future. Sometimes these choices of yours will end you up in a bad place if you dont work hard. A wise person, my own father once told me that it doesnt make you a bad person if you take bad choices. It makes you a bad person if you dont learn from your bad choices. He also told me that if you want to be someone when you grow up, work hard. In elementary, in middle school, and in high school, work hard so that you can build your base for the future. He concluded with me that once you pay off all your duties, go to college, and graduate, you have the rest of your life to enjoy. Whether its doing your dream job, making millions of dollars, then retiring into a large estate. This is called a dream. If you have more good choices in life, your dream will come to. Trust me, its always worked before.

Improving Focus and Academics in the Classroom Environment with Sit-Sta

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is becoming an increasing problem for children in America. According to Understanding Abnormal Psychology, it is one of the most common disorders among children entering the classroom (Lyons, Martin, 2009). Although children have a lot of energy to burn, as they enter school they are required to sit still for long hours. Children with and without ADHD have had a hard time staying focused and have suffered academically. If the classroom environment is improved then children will be more productive and be able to focus for longer periods of time. Declining academic scores and increasing diagnoses of ADHD in children bring new challenges to the traditional classroom. Throughout a typical day physical activity among children in traditional public schools can be increased with an ergonomically structured classroom. Physical activity has been shown to increase memory and cognitive function among children and adults (Carlson, Fulton, Lee, Maynard, Brown, Kohl, Dietz, 2008). Additionally, physical activity helps lower the incidence of behavioral issues in the classroom and beyond (Carlson, et al, 2008). Evidence gathered regarding physical activity and cognitive and social development suggests that physical activity increases mental health and cognitive functions (Tomporowski, Davis, Miller, Naglieri, 2007). The classroom environment does not effectively consider the best ways for children to be attentive and succeed. Replacing traditional sit down desks with sit-stand workstations will improve the focus and academic achievements of children in school (Benden, Blake, Wendel, Huber, 2011). A sit-stand workstation with stool is a desk that allows students to either sit or stand... ...ng, CA: Horizon Textbook Publishing. Nemko, M. (2004-2012). The problem with boys. Retrieved from http://www.martynemko.com/articles/problem-with-boys_id1546 Sparks, S. D. (2011). Report points to widening gap in boys' educational attainment. Informally published manuscript, Retrieved from http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/inside-school-research/2011/05/report_boys_college_readiness.html Telford, R. D., Cunningham, R. B., Fitzgerald, R., Olive, L. S., Prosser, L., Jiang, X., & Telford, R. M. (2012). Physical education, obesity, and academic achievement: A 2-year longitudinal investigation of Australian elementary school children. American Journal of Public Health, 102(2), 368-374. Zentall, S. S., Kuester, D. A., & Craig, B. A. (2011). Social behavior in cooperative groups: Students at risk for ADHD and their peers. The Journal of Educational Research, (104), 28-41.

How does Shakespeare demonstrate the power of the mind in Macbeth? Essay

Macbeth is a play famous for murder and its references to blood. It is usually associated with bad luck and evil; however, there is one main issue that appears time and time again throughout the play – what is it that drives the characters to do the things that they do? Shakespeare explores and presents the power of the mind in many interesting ways. These include soliloquies and slight changes in characters such as the way they talk, act or present themselves. The main character affected by the power of his mind is, of course, Macbeth. What happens in his mind basically provides the plot for the whole play. Once the witches have told Macbeth that he will be king he can either choose to ignore this piece of information or do something about it to make it come around faster. Macbeth chooses to do the latter and he kills the current king, Duncan. Lady Macbeth becomes so caught up in the series of events and excited at the prospect of being Queen that she urges Macbeth on, encouraging him to fulfil his apparent destiny and become King. In the end, the way that Macbeth presents himself and talks is completely different to the character we are introduced to at the beginning of the play. This is all due to the effect his mind power has over him. We also see changes in Lady Macbeth’s character such as paranoia and slight changes in the way she talks and thinks. The first evidence we see of mind power is in Act 1, Scene 3 where Macbeth meets the witches. Why do the witches’ prophecies in this scene have such power over Macbeth? Although Macbeth and Banquo hear the same thing, Macbeth is much more moved by the words, and I think the main reason for this is that the witches’ are speaking Macbeth’s innermost, dangerous thoughts. Once the witches say ‘Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!’ (Macbeth’s current title) it becomes apparent to Macbeth that the witches are knowledgeable and are capable of predicting the future. Shakespeare constructs the plot cleverly here. The dramatic irony of the audience knowing he has been crowned Thane of Cawdor ensures that the audience are already aware of what the witches can do before Macbeth realises. The tragedy is often blamed on the witches because they torment Macbeth by speaking his thoughts in riddles and they make Macbeth think that his greatest prize is near. However, the witches could only have so much power over Macbeth if he already had these thoughts in his head. Therefore, Macbeth himself could be blamed for the tragedy of the play. If he had already thought about killing Banquo, but thought nothing of it until the witches had confirmed the idea, you could blame him entirely for the murder. The witches know what to say and exactly how to say it, which implies that they know what Macbeth is thinking. Another line in this scene which suggests that Macbeth had already thought about becoming King or killing Duncan is when he pleads with the witches to ‘Stay you imperfect speakers. Tell me more.’ The fact that he was willing to listen to more of what the witches had to say suggests that he had thought of becoming King before and was reassured by the idea that it could really happen. Once the witches have vanished, Macbeth and Banquo visit Duncan at a room in his palace. Here, Duncan appoints Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. It is here that Macbeth begins to fully realise the impact the witches’ words are having on him. He also sees that they knew what was going to happen to him because they had said, ‘All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor’ in the previous scene. In a powerful soliloquy, Macbeth reveals his thoughts to the audience: ‘†¦Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires;’ With ‘let not light see my black and deep desires’ Macbeth confirms that he has thought of becoming King before, but does not want to show it. When he was speaking with the witches he wasn’t sure whether to believe what they were seeing and although he did think about the idea of becoming King, he never really pursued it. Once the prophecy of Macbeth becoming Thane Of Cawdor comes true, Macbeth realises that he will be king. In Act 1, scene 7 Macbeth is considering murdering Duncan but says there are many arguments against it. Some of the lines in this scene make me wonder whose initial idea the murder was and whether Macbeth really wanted to kill Duncan. Macbeth says he is enjoying the feeling of being famous and powerful but Lady Macbeth’s persuasion quickly works on him: ‘I am settled and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat.’ In the second act when Macbeth decides he is against the idea, the more persuasive Lady Macbeth is towards him, the more Macbeth submits to her taunting – ‘When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.’ By the end of the scene, Macbeth has been made to feel so inferior by Lady Macbeth that he has taken over the planning himself. Macbeth plans to blame the murder on the two guards in Duncan’s chamber: ‘Will it not be receiv’d, When we have mark’d with blood those sleepy two Of his own chamber, and us’d their very daggers, That they have done’t?’ Temporarily, Macbeth has lost his doubt and fear in the excitement of planning the murder. Perhaps the most famous act of mind power in this play, is the dagger Macbeth sees in Act 2, Scene 1. It is late at night in the castle and Macbeth meets Banquo and Banquo’s son Fleance. Banquo wants to talk about the witches’ prophecies to Macbeth. Banquo says that he has dreamt of the sisters and seems to be annoyed because they have ‘showed [Macbeth] some truth.’ Just as the three Weird Sisters predicted, Macbeth’s wishes and secret dreams of power have all come true. But along with these, so have his darkest fears. Throughout the play Macbeth continues to struggle against the images his mind conjures up against his own conscious will. Although technically, he has won the crown and been successful, he cannot enjoy himself because of the immense guilt he feels over how his mind has been poisoned by the Weird Sisters. The dagger scene is an extremely powerful example of mind power. Shakespeare uses metaphors, imagery and other dramatic cues to express Macbeth’s emotions and fear. Probably the most well known line in the play, upon seeing the dagger Macbeth says to himself, ‘Is this a dagger I see before me, The handle toward my hand?’ Macbeth realises that the dagger is only a vision created by his mind, in this question he is questioning his mind – asking himself whether what he is seeing is real or a figment of his imagination. He continues, ‘†¦art thou but A dagger of the mind,’ The way Shakespeare has written Macbeth’s speech make it seem so much more realistic. Because this play would first have been performed in a Jacobean theatre, there would have been no special effects in the theatre to emphasise the visions Macbeth’s mind were creating throughout the play. The actors would of course had to have been talented to pull off such acting without props, but the choice of words Shakespeare uses it what makes it so much more believable. Act 2 Scene 3 is the morning after the murder. In this scene Macbeth shows a variety of different emotions so it is difficult to tell what he is feeling about the murder. Also, what Macbeth says in this scene is quite ambiguous so it is quite hard to figure out what he means. When Macbeth says ‘Twas a rough night’ it could either mean that he is shocked by the night’s events or that he fears being found out. And when Macbeth says ‘Had I but died an hour before this chance I had lived a blessed time’ it is relatively easy to see that he feels guilty and regrets the murder. Another change in Macbeth’s speech is that his statements seem to be shorter and more formal. This suggests that he is on edge and is worried about being found out. In this scene, Macbeth also decides to start acting secretly, and does not communicate his plans with Lady Macbeth – ‘Be innocent of the knowledge †¦ ’till though applaud the deed’. Another major demonstration of mind power in the play is when Macbeth conjures up the image of Banquo’s ghost at the banquet in Act 3, Scene 4. Thinking about why Macbeth is so tense and anxious when he enters the room helps you to understand how his mind could have conjured up the terrible image of the ghost. Macbeth is obviously worried and guilt-ridden about Banquo’s murder, he says ‘I had else been perfect †¦ but now, I am bound in to saucy doubts and fears.’ Banquo was Macbeth’s best friend, and Macbeth had ordered him to be killed. He needed both Banquo and Fleance to be killed, but Fleance escaped. Macbeth excluding his wife from the plans is putting extra pressure on him, not to mention the relationship between the two. The banquet is the first function that Macbeth organises when he is appointed King. Therefore, he needs his guests to feel that he is a good King and is control of the banquet. When Macbeth sees the ghost and everything starts to go wrong, Macbeth is desperate to calm his important guests so that they do not think of him as not being a fitting King. The ghost in Act 3, scene 4 has an extremely powerful effect on Macbeth. He goes through different stages of acceptance, first cowering from it, then challenging it and finally, confronting it. ‘†¦the time has been, That, when the brains were out, the man would die, And there an end; but now they rise again, With twenty mortal murders on their crowns and push us from our stools†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Macbeth’s fear of the ghost is completely natural. He cannot understand how Banquo could have reappeared, especially after having just been informed of his death. He challenges the ghost, ‘Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence!’ Macbeth confronts the ghost, ‘Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes, Which thou dost glare with.’ The ghost disappears at these words and Macbeth seems to have won by confrontation. Macbeth returns to his guests. Macbeth doesn’t realise that no one else in the room can see the things he is imagining – he assumes that they saw the ghost and is surprised by their apparent failure to react to it, ‘†¦now I think you can behold such sights, ands keep the natural ruby of your cheeks, when mine is blanched with fear.’ The sleepwalking scene is one in which Shakespeare demonstrates mind power through actions very well. Lady Macbeth is subconsciously ridden with guilt over the deaths. When she sleepwalks we see her vigorously washing her hands to scrub Duncan’s blood from her hands and asking no one in particular ‘†¦who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?’ Of course, Lady Macbeth does not still have Duncan’s blood on her hands; it is only her imagination making her think she needs to scrub her hands clean – ‘†¦all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ Lady Macbeth is usually seen as dominant over Macbeth, she tries to seem stronger than Macbeth and hides her fear, guilt and shame as much as possible. The way that Lady Macbeth weakens when asleep creates a very powerful image of mind power. By scrubbing her hands over and over again we can guess that, rather than trying to rid her hands of blood, she is actually trying to rid her mind of the memories of the night of Duncan’s murder. The doctor who has been called to help Lady Macbeth says that the disease is ‘beyond his practice’ and that ‘more needs she the divine than the physician.’ meaning that she has more need for a priest than a doctor to rid her of her ‘evil disease’. Lady Macbeth leaves the room soon after muttering that ‘what’s done cannot be undone’ and repeating that she must go to bed. The doctor continues trying to analyse Lady Macbeth’s disease and confides in her gentlewoman, telling her that ‘Foul whisp’rings are abroad†¦ †¦infected minds To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets.’ The doctor knows Lady Macbeth is hiding something – when he says ‘deaf pillows’ it suggests that people reveal their secrets to pillows because they are deaf and therefore cannot hear or repeat what they have done. Shakespeare’s use of language is just as important as the actions of the characters in showing how powerful their minds are. Macbeth seems weary when he is told of Lady Macbeth’s death – ‘She should have died hereafter: There would have been a time for such a word.’ It is a strange reaction – he is suddenly quiet, thoughtful and almost subdued. His drive and motivation disappear. Macbeth no longer sees any point in trying to hold on to the kingship, and does not understand why he ever wanted it. †¦[life] is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing’ Macbeth also thinks that his time is coming to an end and he will die soon. He says that his actions in the past have ‘lighted the fools way to dusty death’. It seems as though, no matter what happens from this point on in the play, Macbeth can no longer return to being the person he was before the Witches poisoned and taunted him with ambition. On the battlefield, Act 5, Scene 8 Macbeth dares each man on the battlefield to kill him in the face of his seemingly infallible prophecy. ‘Why should I play the Roman fool, and die On mine own sword? Whiles I see lives, the gashes Do better upon them.’ Roman generals in defeat would commit suicide to avoid the disgrace of capture, but, in this speech Macbeth says that while he can see living enemies, he will do his best to kill them. He continues taunting his enemies until Macduff kills him. Macbeth finds out that Macduff was from his mother’s womb untimely ripped’ which is what the Witches told Macbeth earlier in the play. At this point, Macbeth realises his life has come to an end and knows that he will not survive the fight with Macduff, however he is brave enough to fight on to the end. An interesting idea is to think about who was truly responsible for the tragedy in Macbeth, other than the witches. Macbeth himself had already thought about the kingship before being told by the Witches that he could achieve it and listens willingly to what the Witches tell him. However, when the plan has been hatched, Macbeth begins to back off until Lady Macbeth taunts him enough to convince him to take over the planning again, which he eventually does. Also, many of Macbeth’s speeches are filled with threats, evil and darkness. Mind power plays a large part in Macbeth’s character – having already thought of the kingship, he was really only waiting for confirmation from someone else before acting on his thoughts. Lady Macbeth also plays a major role in the tragedy. She becomes obsessed with the news she is sent by Macbeth, and immediately hatches a plan to achieve the goal. Her speeches, not dissimilar to Macbeth’s, are also full of darkness and double meanings. When Macbeth backs down and is not so sure about the plan, she taunts him until she finally persuades him to continue. It is also Lady Macbeth who takes the knives back down to the servants after the murder and tried to make everything normal again. Lady Macbeth is greatly affected by her mind, which we see particularly in the sleepwalking scene where she continually washes and rubs her hands in an attempt to scrub away what she believes to be Banquo’s blood. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a great man. After meeting the Weird Sisters he begins to make bad choices and gets everything wrong. The effect the three Witches have on Macbeth’s subconscious mind is astonishing – they make him see things, hear things and do things he doesn’t really want to do. Along with Lady Macbeth, the Witches’ taunting and riddles possess Macbeth and turn him into a power-obsessed, ambition-crazed ‘fiend’. However, Macbeth redeems himself at the end of his life and does not die as the villain of the play. Macbeth is a tragic hero – possessed by evil thoughts, but able to redeem himself by being brave enough to fight on to the end, even though he knows he cannot win back his sanity and/or peace of mind.

Comapre 2 Grief theorists Essay

Grief and bereavement are different for each individual, that is no two people will experience a loss in the same way. A loss is the absence of something we deem meaningful. Over the years there have been many different theories of grief, but it is not a ‘one size fits all’ approach. The aim of this paper is to compare two grief models, namely Dr Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief and Dr William Worden’s Tasks of Mourning including the Seven Mediators of Mourning. After comparing the two models the paper will then look at how the two models are different and finish with a case study using one of the models. Dr Elisabeth Kubler-Ross was a Swiss born Psychiatrist. During her in psychiatry residency she was appalled by the treatment of patients who were dying. She began lecturing medical students and forced them to face dying patients. Her extensive work with the dying lead to the writing of her book ‘On death and dying’ (1969). In this book she proposed the Five Stages of Grief, being denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, which most people will feel when faced with death. Whilst this model was initially for the dying patient it has been later adapted for the bereft. Dr Kubler-Ross notes that these stages are not meant to be completed in a strict order or are indeed the only emotions the bereft will pass through. Other researchers studying the process of loss and grief have recognised these stages as well as the fact that they do not have to be experienced in any particular order but are all part of the grieving process. The bereaved may vacillate in and out of some stages before completing this part of the process. Grief begins at the moment a loss is recognised, long before death actually happens. Dr Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief will be explained in more detail below: Denial. Shock and disbelief that the loss is happening. Numbness and even a sense of isolation that takes over the bereaved and for brief periods of time. Do they remember that they have suffered the loss? Anger. Why me? The bereaved may find themselves angry at the loss or themselves for wishing it would all end. Bargaining. This is usually about making a compromise with God or other deity. â€Å"Just let my baby have a heart beat on this ultrasound and I’ll do whatever you want† or your friend asks God to let him live a while longer and he’ll promise to quit smoking. Depression. Becoming so sad that things just don’t matter anymore. Feelings of hopelessness, sorrow, and despair overwhelm the bereaved. Acceptance. Coming to terms with reality. Loss is part of life and cannot be avoided. If the loss is the death of a loved one then a feeling of calmness and peace that the berefts loved one is no longer suffering and is at rest or peace, having gone on to a better place. These stages can come in any order and can be intertwined. The bereft will experience grief in their own way and their own time. Some people will move through the grieving process quickly, and others take much more time to grieve. Some bereaved people may effectively remain in denial for a long time and put off their grieving. The Four Tasks of Mourning is based on research by Dr J William Worden, PhD, who is currently a professor at Biola University in California. Dr Worden (2009) theorised that the grieving process was broken down into four main tasks of grieving and seven mediators of mourning which could be addressed individually or at the same time. Dr Worden’s Four Tasks of Mourning are: Task 1: To Accept the Reality of the Loss. During this task, the bereft must face the reality that the loss is real. In the case of a death the bereft must come to harsh terms that the deceased is never coming back. Task 2: To Process the Pain of Grief. This task is just as the title of the task suggests, that is, to process the pain and to find a way to cope with the pain until it passes. Task 3: To Adjust to a World Without the Deceased. Within this task there are three adjustments that need to be made; external adjustments, internal adjustments, and spiritual adjustments. Task 4: To Find an Enduring Connection With the Deceased in the Midst of Embarking on a New Life. ‘to find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life’ (Field, Gal-Oz & Bonanno, 2003). Worden also identifies seven determining factors that are critical to appreciate in order to understand the client’s experience which he calls the Mediators of Mourning. These include: (1) who the person who died was; (2) the nature of the attachment to the deceased; (3) how the person died; (4) historical antecedents; (5) personality variables; (6) social mediators; and (7) concurrent stressors. These mediators include many of the risk and protective factors identified by the research literature and provide an important context for appreciating the idiosyncratic nature of the grief experience (Corr & Coolican, 2010). Issues such as the strength and nature of the attachment to the deceased, the survivor’s attachment style and the degree of conflict and ambivalence with the deceased are important considerations. Death-related factors, such as physical proximity, levels of violence or trauma, or a death where a body is not recovered, all can pose significant challenges for the bereaved. Dr Worden’s work is an important development in the understanding of the process of coping adaptively with bereavement as each task is clearly defined in an action-oriented manner. The writings of both Dr Kubler-Ross and Dr Worden have had a substantial impact in the world of loss and grief. Although the simplicity is surely attractive, Dr Kubler-Ross’ theory has not been supported by research and it has largely been abandoned by clinicians and researchers alike (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2011). Dr Worden (2009) suggested that we look at grief as a series of tasks rather than stages as detailed above. Both models have what could be defined as steps in the grieving process and these steps provide the counsellor a theoretical framework in which to work. Neither of the two models are designed to be linear in their process and in fact the bereft may swing back and forth between some of the steps in each model. The danger with these, and all other models, however, is that they can be normative and tell people how they ought to experience grief. Individuals are all unique and experiences of grief vary from person to person. Therefore, the emphasis on moving through the stages may not, in reality, respect where each individual is. After all, some may never actually want to â€Å"get over† the death of a loved one. Consequently, there is a risk that people who are not following these stages might be labelled as suffering from a â€Å"complicated† or â€Å"unresolved† grief and may be intervened with unnecessarily or inappropriately (Hamama-Raz, Hemmendinger & Buchbinder, 2010). Case Study Penny is 48 years old. She is in a defacto relationship with Leonard for the past seven years. She has three grown up children, one living nearby, the other living in Melbourne, and her daughter, Katherine (24 years old), living at home and working. She is healthy and has a steady job. She has limited contact with the husband from whom she had been divorced when the children were very young. Leonard is a magazine editor and had never married. When he had met Penny they seemed just right for each other. They were each other’s best friend. Leonard had not been feeling right for a short time before consulting his doctor. Tests showed a malignant mass in his bowel. He was operated on to remove the mass and he was to begin chemotherapy soon after. This weighed heavily on Penny and Leonard, despite the optimistic prognosis offered by Leonard’s doctors. In Penny’s life, the routine of the household was that she woke Katherine up in the morning, as she was notorious for sleeping through her alarm clock and arriving late for work. One morning, Penny bent over to shake Katherine awake, but this morning she could not be awakened. She had died during the night. Penny called an ambulance, and within minutes the paramedics were there but Katherine had been dead for several hours. The doctors were unable to establish a cause of death even after extensive testing. The next days were a total blank as Penny went through the motions of all that had to be done. The family gathered, the funeral took place, and Penny blocked most of it out. Penny has been unable to function. Her grief and depression are crippling and overwhelm everything. For the first few weeks, she could not eat or sleep. She was unable even to consider returning to work, as she was immersed in her grief. Leonard suggested that she should get some help, so Penny went for group counselling at a local agency. The group proved somewhat helpful and it enabled Penny to return to work about eight weeks after Katherine’s death. At work, she found herself short tempered, snapping at colleagues, she was preoccupied and could not focus and she was frequently late. She was able to get through the days, only to come home and cry. It was her anger that finally propelled her into individual counselling. She was unable to be civil to her work colleagues â€Å"who were idiots.† The few friends that she still had were objects of her wrath. She found herself irrationally lashing out at anyone who even slightly annoyed her, and she began to feel isolated and frightened by her own actions. She began individual bereavement counselling in December, eight months after Katherine had died. If I was counselling Penny I would assess which of Worden’s four mourning tasks were not complete and make an effort to address the gaps. If Penny has not accepted the reality of the loss, then Penny has to begin the letting go of the deceased. However, if the difficulty is in experiencing the pain, then I would help Penny feel safe enough to feel both the positive and negative aspects of his or her grief. This safety would be built up through the accepting relationship established between myself and Penny. If adjusting to the environment seems to be the hurdle, then problem solving would become the focus of helping Penny to make the needed changes to get back to living. If Penny were unable to engage in relationships and withdraw her emotional energy from Katherine, then I would have to work with her to help release her from the binding attachment to Katherine and to be free to develop new relationships. Often the bereft are afraid to let go of the deceased for fear that the deceased will be forgotten. It may be constructive for me to counsel Penny on how to build new connections to Katherine, new ways to think about her in a more spiritual or ethereal manner. I would also urge social connectedness with others by encouraging and supporting efforts in that direction. In conclusion, every person will experience grief and loss at some stage of their lives. It is the way that this grief and loss is handled by the counsellor that can help the bereft deal with their loss and move past it, incorporating the loss into their lives. An effective counsellor can only do this if they are familiar with the theories of grief and loss. References Beyond the five stages of grief. (2011). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 3. Corr, C. A., & Coolican, M. B. (2010). Understanding bereavement, grief, and mourning: implications for donation and transplant professionals. Progress in Transplantation, 20(2), 169-177. Field, N. P., Gal-Oz, E., & Bonanno, G. A. (2003). Continuing Bonds and Adjustment at 5 Years After the Death of a Spouse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 110-117. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.110 Hamama-Raz, Y., Hemmendinger, S., & Buchbinder, E. (2010). The Unifying Difference: Dyadic Coping With Spontaneous Abortion Among Religious Jewish Couples. Qualitative Health Research. doi:10.1177/1049732309357054 Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Macmillan. Worden, J. W. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co.a